PCOS

A health problem that causes increase levels of Androgens, missed or irregular periods, developing cysts in ovaries, are health problems that can affect a woman’s ability to have children. This problem is referred to as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). The cause of PCOS is unknown, but several factors including genetics and hormonal imbalance. PCOS occurs in 5% to 10% of women and is the most common cause of Infertility in women. Often, during a pelvic exams, is when a woman finds out about a cyst.

The main problem is a hormone called Androgens which are male hormones that females also produce. The increased levels of the is harmone slow the development and release of eggs during ovulation. Some researchers say that insulin is linked to PCOS. Increased levels of insulin can predispose a woman to polycystic ovaries. Increase in insulin levels can cause androgens to increase. Most women with PCOS grow many small cysts on their ovaries. The is the reason it’s called polycystic ovary syndrome. These cysts are not harmful, but can lead to hormonal imbalances.

Symptoms of PCOS tend to be mild at first and you may have only a few symptoms or a lot of them. The most common symptoms are:

Acne

Weight gain or trouble losing weight

Extra hair on the face and body

Thinning hair on the scalp

Irregular and fewer periods

Fertility problems; trouble getting pregnant

Depression

Skin discolorations

High cholesterol levels

Elevated blood pressure

Multiple, small cysts in the ovaries

Elevated insulin levels and insulin resistance

Oily skin

Dandruff

Treatments for PCOS include Birth control pills that contain female hormones that help to regulate menstrual cycles. Contraceptives can also be used to help lower the levels of androgens. Insulin-sensitizing medications used to treat adult-onset diabetes are useful for many women with PCOS. While these medications have not been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) specifically for the treatment of PCOS, they seem to improve the regularity of menstrual cycles by lowering insulin levels. Ovulation Induction. In some women who wish to become pregnant, inducing ovulation is necessary. In current methods, the initial treatment to induce ovulation is usually an oral medication called Clomiphene citrate, which is taken for five days. The next order of treatment often includes injectable medication of ganodotropins, if clomiphene is not effective. Lastly, Exercise helps the body use insulin more effectively and is highly recommended as well. It helps with weight loss and keeping off weight.

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References

Medicine.net. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Retrieved from: http://www.medicinenet.com/polycystic_ovary/article.htm

MedlinePlus. (2010). PCOS Treatment. Retrieved from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ovariancysts.html

U.S. Department of health & Human Services. (2010). Eisenberg, E. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).  Retrieved from: http://www.womenshealth.gov/faq/polycystic-ovary-syndrome.cfm

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